Souren Bose (born 25 June 1924) was one of the leading figures in the Naxalite movement in India. At the congress of the Communist Party of India (Marxist) in 1967 he questioned the absence of a portrait of Mao Zedong at the conference venue. When the Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) was formed, he joined the new party.
Bose travelled to China, and was one of very few Indian Maoists that had direct meetings with the Chinese leadership. When he returned to India he presented the criticisms raised by the Chinese towards the line of the CPI(ML), but was corned by the CPI(ML) leader Charu Majumdar. His dialogue with Zhou Enlai have been published as a pamphlet.